Types of cancer tests include:
Imaging tests (like X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs), lab tests (such as blood tests, including tumor markers, and genetic tests),
endoscopies to view internal organs, and biopsies to remove tissue samples for analysis. The specific test depends on a person's individual
needs, family history, and suspected type of cancer.
Imaging tests:
• CT (Computed Tomography) scan: Uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Uses magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of soft tissues.
• Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to create images of internal organs.
• Mammogram: A specialized X-ray for examining breast tissue.
• PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scan: Uses a radioactive tracer to show areas of high metabolic activity, which can indicate cancer cells.
Lab tests:
• Blood tests: Can check for cancer by analyzing levels of certain chemicals or proteins. This includes a complete blood count (CBC) and tests for
tumor markers, which are substances often produced by cancer cells.
• Liquid biopsy: A type of blood test that detects circulating tumor cells or DNA in the bloodstream.
• Genetic tests: Used to identify inherited mutations that increase cancer risk and to help plan treatment.
Procedures and biopsies:
• Biopsy: The most definitive way to diagnose cancer. A small sample of tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if it
is cancerous.
o This can be done with a needle or during surgery.
• Endoscopy: A flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the body to view organs from the inside, such as a colonoscopy for the colon or
a bronchoscopy for the airways.
Other tests:
• Multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests: Newer blood tests that can screen for the presence of multiple types of cancer at once by analyzing
DNA, RNA, or proteins in the blood.
• Physical exams: A doctor will perform a physical exam and ask about family medical history as part of the diagnostic process.
